Friday, April 1, 2011

GRADE NINE :Esters

The classic synthesis is the Fischer esterification, which involves treating a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of a dehydrating agent:
RCO2H + R'OH is in equilibrium with RCO2R' + H2O
 the reaction is slow in the absence of a catalyst. Sulfuric acid is a typical catalyst for this reaction. Many other acids are also used such as polymeric sulfonic acids.
List of ester odorants:
Many esters have distinctive fruit-like odors, which has led to their commonplace use in artificial flavorings and fragrances.
Ester NameStructureOdor or occurrence
Allyl hexanoateProp-2-enyl hexanoate.pngpineapple
Benzyl acetateBenzyl acetate.pngpear, strawberry, jasmine
Bornyl acetateBornylacetate.svgpine tree flavor
Butyl butyrateButyl butyrate.pngpineapple
Ethyl acetateEthyl acetate.pngnail polish remover, model paint, model airplane glue
Ethyl butyrateEthyl butyrate.pngbanana, pineapple, strawberry
Ethyl hexanoateEthyl hexanoate.pngpineapple, waxy-green banana
Ethyl cinnamateEthyl cinnamate.pngcinnamon
Ethyl formateEthyl methanoate.pnglemon, rum, strawberry
Ethyl heptanoateEthyl heptanoate.pngapricot, cherry, grape, raspberry
Ethyl isovalerateEthyl isovalerate.pngapple
Ethyl lactateEthyl lactate.pngbutter, cream
Ethyl nonanoateEthyl nonanoate.pnggrape
Ethyl pentanoateEthyl valerate.pngapple
Geranyl acetateGeranyl acetate.pnggeranium
Geranyl butyrateGeranyl butyrate.pngcherry
Geranyl pentanoateGeranyl pentanoate.svgapple
Isobutyl acetateIsobutyl acetate.pngcherry, raspberry, strawberry
Isobutyl formateIsobutyl formate.svgraspberry
Isoamyl acetateIsoamyl acetate.pngpear, banana (flavoring in Pear drops)
Isopropyl acetateIsopropyl acetate.pngfruity
Linalyl acetateLinalyl acetate.pnglavender, sage
Linalyl butyrateLinalyl butyrate.pngpeach
Linalyl formateLinalyl formate.pngapple, peach
Methyl acetateMethyl acetate.pngglue
Methyl anthranilateMethyl anthranilate.pnggrape, jasmine
Methyl benzoateMethyl benzoate.pngfruity, ylang ylang, feijoa
Methyl butyrate (methyl butanoate)Methyl butyrate.pngpineapple, apple, strawberry
Methyl cinnamateMethyl cinnamate.pngstrawberry
Methyl pentanoate (methyl valerate)Methyl pentanoate.pngflowery
Methyl phenylacetateMethyl phenylacetate.pnghoney
Methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen)Salicylic acid methyl ester chemical structure.pngModern root beer, wintergreen, Germolene and Ralgex ointments (UK)
Nonyl caprylateNonyl caprylate.pngorange
Octyl acetateOcyl acetate.pngfruity-orange
Octyl butyrateOctyl butyrate.pngparsnip
Amyl acetate (pentyl acetate)Amyl acetate.pngapple, banana
Pentyl butyrate (amyl butyrate)Pentyl butyrate.pngapricot, pear, pineapple
Pentyl hexanoate (amyl caproate)Pentyl hexanoate.pngapple, pineapple
Pentyl pentanoate (amyl valerate)Pentyl pentanoate.pngapple
Propyl acetatePropylethanoate.svgpear
Propyl isobutyratePropylisobutyrate.svgrum
Terpenyl butyrateTerpenyl butyrate.pngcherry

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8 comments:

  1. AnonymousApril 7, 2011 at 3:39 PM

    Hey miss dima it's Diana, I loved the website it is great and really easy to go through :)

    ReplyDelete
  2. AnonymousApril 7, 2011 at 10:38 PM

    Kteer kyeer 7elo ...... Thank u. Ya3tekl3afye (siham Kilani)

    ReplyDelete
  3. missdimaApril 9, 2011 at 2:45 PM

    thanks for visting the blog girls.wish you good luck with Mock Test...

    ReplyDelete
  4. AnonymousApril 11, 2011 at 12:16 PM

    Hello missdima, thank u for the information :D it's interesting... and the mock test was nice! i did well :D:D (ranim al jaafil)

    ReplyDelete
  5. AnonymousApril 12, 2011 at 10:28 AM

    miss Dima thanks for these valid information !!Ilike the esters box :)We need more interesting information (Ghina Arnouss)

    ReplyDelete
  6. AnonymousApril 13, 2011 at 10:21 AM

    I really liked every corner in this blog.The mixture of the pictures and the meaningful information made it quite interesting.Moreover,I liked your touch on colors and animation in all ways.
    All in all you made Chemistry fun to learn!
    Basma Hallak

    ReplyDelete
  7. AnonymousApril 23, 2011 at 12:36 PM

    thanks miss dima for effort.. the information is great!! love the page!:) (Dareen)

    ReplyDelete
  8. AnonymousApril 23, 2011 at 12:47 PM

    miss dimaa.. did you correct the tests??:)

    ReplyDelete

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